Incresync is indicated as a second- or third-line treatment in adult patients aged 18 years and older with type-2 diabetes mellitus: as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adult patients (particularly overweight patients) inadequately controlled on pioglitazone alone, and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; in combination with metformin (i.e. triple combination therapy) as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adult patients (particularly overweight patients) inadequately controlled on their maximal tolerated dose of metformin and pioglitazone. In addition, Incresync can be used to replace separate tablets of alogliptin and pioglitazone in those adult patients aged 18 years and older with type-2 diabetes mellitus already being treated with this combination. After initiation of therapy with Incresync, patients should be reviewed after three to six months to assess adequacy of response to treatment (e.g. reduction in HbA1c). In patients who fail to show an adequate response, Incresync should be discontinued. In light of potential risks with prolonged pioglitazone therapy, prescribers should confirm at subsequent routine reviews that the benefit of Incresync is maintained (see section 4.4).