For adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Ristaben is indicated to improve glycaemic control: as monotherapy: in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; as dual oral therapy in combination with: metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a sulphonylurea when diet and exercise plus maximal tolerated dose of a sulphonylurea alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control and when metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; a peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR?) agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; as triple oral therapy in combination with: a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a PPAR? agonist and metformin when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control. Ristaben is also indicated as add-on to insulin (with or without metformin) when diet and exercise plus stable dose of insulin do not provide adequate glycaemic control.